Concerning the time-consuming problem of finite element analysis for solving the nonlinear dynamic problems of large-scale structure, some parallel computational strategies for implementing explicit nonlinear finite element analysis were proposed under the environment of Message Passing Interface (MPI) cluster. Based on the technique of domain decomposition with explicit message passing, using overlapped, non-overlapped domain decomposition techniques and Dynamic Task Allocation (DTA) algorithm, domain decomposition parallel algorithms for overlapped domain, non-overlapped domain, clustering for DTA, DTA and Dynamic Load Balancing (DLB) were researched by overlapping calculations and communications to improve the performance of communication between processors. A parallel finite element analysis program was developed with message passing interface as software development environment. Some numerical examples were implemented on workstation cluster to evaluate the performance of the parallel algorithm, the computation performance was also compared with the conventional Newmark algorithm. The experimental results show that the performance of the algorithm for dynamic task allocation with clustering technique is better than that of the dynamic task allocation, which is lower than that of the domain decomposition algorithm, and the dynamic load balancing algorithm is the best. For the problem with the same size, the proposed algorithms are faster and better than conventional Newmark algorithm. The proposed algorithms are efficient for parallel computing of nonlinear dynamic problems of structure.